Vigilante is based on the Naver webtoon of the same name by Kim Gyu-sam, which Studio N originally announced plans to remake as a film in September 2019 before it became a television series.

Nam Joo-hyuk was cast in the lead role of Kim Ji-yong in April 2022.

Nam Joo-hyuk was reunited with the production two years after working on the film Remember when he was cast in Vigilante.

Yoo Ji-tae joined the cast two years after his previous collaboration on the Netflix series Money Heist: Korea – Joint Economic Area.

Lee Joon-hyuk was cast a year after his role in the film The Roundup: No Way Out.

Kim So-jin returned to work with the team two years after appearing in the SBS drama Through the Darkness.

Actor Yoo Ji-tae gained 20 kg to realistically portray Jo Heon, the head of the metropolitan investigation team chasing the Vigilante, earning the character the nickname 'Physical Monster'.

Vigilante premiered at the On Screen section of the 28th Busan International Film Festival on October 5, 2023, where three of its eight episodes were screened ahead of its official release.