The miniseries was announced by HBO in July 2022, with Will Tracy serving as showrunner and Stephen Frears directing, alongside Kate Winslet, Frank Rich, and Tracey Seaward as executive producers.

The project was originally titled The Palace, and it was only in April 2023 that the title was officially changed to The Regime.

The Regime marks Kate Winslet's third lead role in an HBO drama series, following her performances in Mildred Pierce and Mare of Easttown.

The cast was assembled gradually between October 2022 and April 2023, with Matthias Schoenaerts joining first, followed by Andrea Riseborough and Hugh Grant in December 2022, Martha Plimpton and director Jessica Hobbs in January 2023, and a further wave of actors including Danny Webb, David Bamber, Henry Goodman, and Pippa Haywood in April 2023.

Filming took place in Austria in January 2023 at the Schönbrunn Palace and the Liechtenstein Garden Palace on Fürstengasse in Vienna's 9th district.

Principal photography also took place in the United Kingdom at Wentworth Woodhouse near Rotherham, South Yorkshire.

The series received mixed reviews overall, with Rotten Tomatoes reporting 51% positive reviews from critics and Metacritic giving it a weighted average score of 56 out of 100, though Kate Winslet's performance was singled out for widespread praise.