The series is based on the real-life adoption case of Natalia Grace and was inspired by true events, created by Katie Robbins, with an original working title of 'The Orphan'.

The series is structured to be told from multiple points of view in order to reflect the conflicting narratives of its central characters, similar to a Rashomon-style approach.

Ellen Pompeo signed on to star as Kristine Barnett and also executive produce the series under her Calamity Jane banner.

The real Michael Barnett was the only person involved in the case who agreed to sell the rights to his story for the series, and Mark Duplass was cast to portray him in March 2024.

Principal photography for the series took place in Santa Clarita, California, beginning around July 2024.

The series finale drew 6.3 million views within its first six days, becoming the third most-watched finale in Hulu's history and the most-viewed finale of 2025 across Hulu and Disney+ at the time.

Ellen Pompeo noted in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter that the show's success exceeded expectations, including those held by Hulu itself.

Following the season's success, Ellen Pompeo revealed that discussions with Hulu about a potential anthology format for future seasons began shortly after the finale, with Pompeo expressing interest in staying on only as a producer rather than an actor if that path were chosen.