The series was filmed on location at the ancient stone circle of Avebury, Wiltshire, during the hot summer of 1976, with interior scenes shot at HTV's Bristol studios.

Director Peter Graham Scott was surprised upon reading the script to learn the serial was intended for children's airtime, given the complexity of the plot and its disturbing nature.

Iain Cuthbertson, who played village leader Hendrick, and Gareth Thomas, who played Adam Brake, had previously worked together on the TV series Sutherland's Law.

Veronica Strong, who played museum curator Margaret Smythe, was the real-life wife of the serial's co-writer Jeremy Burnham.

Peter Demin, who played teenage lead Matthew, was actually 17 years old at the time of filming despite playing a younger character.

Composer Sidney Sager created the eerie incidental music using the Ambrosian Singers to chant in a style evoking megalithic rituals referenced in the story.

A 2012 BBC Radio Four documentary on the series was introduced as 'the scariest programme ever made for children,' with its score called 'the most inappropriate theme music ever used for a children's series.'

Film scholar Adam Scovell, writing for the British Film Institute, cited Children of the Stones as an example of the 'folk horror' subgenre due to its isolated rural setting and theme of ancient folklore resurfacing in the modern world.

The 1981 Guild Home Video release mistakenly listed the running time as 1hr 38 mins on its sleeve, leading fans to assume it was heavily edited, when in fact the tape ran a full 2hrs 32mins with only middle-episode credits removed and some scenes reordered.

A sequel novel, Return to the Stones by Jeremy Burnham and Trevor Ray, was published as a Kindle e-book in November 2012, followed by a hardback edition in July 2013, and in October 2020 the BBC produced a 10-episode audio podcast adaptation starring Reece Shearsmith, India Brown, Steve Oram and Ralph Ineson.