The series began as a pilot titled 'The Patriot' before being renamed simply 'Patriot' when the full series order was confirmed.

Amazon released the pilot episode in November 2015 as part of its Pilot Season initiative, with the rest of the first season not premiering until February 2017.

Creator Steven Conrad directed the pilot episode himself and also served as an executive producer alongside Gil Bellows, Glenn Ficarra, Charlie Gogolak, and John Requa.

Actor Chris Conrad was originally cast only as a guest star in the pilot before being promoted to a series regular for the rest of season one.

Debra Winger joined the cast as a series regular for the second season, playing the mother of the two Tavner brothers and the U.S. Secretary of Transportation.

Principal photography for the first season took place in Chicago, Illinois in spring 2016, while all scenes supposedly set in Luxembourg were actually filmed in Prague, Czech Republic.

A culture correspondent for the Luxemburger Wort criticized the show's Luxembourg scenes for prominently featuring unmistakable Prague landmarks like Charles Bridge, as well as visible Czech license plates, .cz websites, and prices in korunas instead of euros.

The script contains a factual error about Luxembourg, claiming Brazilian nationals form a substantial minority of residents when in reality it is Portuguese nationals who make up that group.