USA Network initially ordered just a pilot episode for Treadstone, but on August 16, 2018, reversed course and issued a straight-to-series order instead, skipping the traditional pilot process.

Principal photography began in January 2019 in Budapest, Hungary.

A special preview of the pilot episode aired on USA Network on September 24, 2019, nearly three weeks before the official series premiere on October 15, 2019.

The series was canceled after just one season of ten episodes in May 2020, despite being part of the established Bourne franchise.

Rotten Tomatoes critics gave the series a 50% positive rating, with the consensus noting it lacked the narrative momentum needed to distinguish itself within the Bourne universe.