Transplant was created by Joseph Kay and produced by Sphere Media, entering production in June 2019 before premiering on CTV on February 26, 2020.

After its fourth season was greenlit, creator Joseph Kay announced in September 2023 that this would be the show's final season, revealing he had always envisioned the series as a four-season arc.

Although the show is set at a fictional hospital in Toronto, it is primarily filmed in Montreal, with only limited location shooting in Toronto used for establishing shots and scenes requiring a clear Toronto geographic marker.

Production on the second season was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, eventually commencing in February 2021.

The Hollywood Reporter noted the show's heavy reliance on the classic House trope of a patient's loved one turning out to be the one with the real medical mystery.

John Anderson of The Wall Street Journal called Transplant the best medical show airing on American television at the time and potentially one of the better dramas NBC had ever aired.

The trade magazine Playback named lead actor Hamza Haq Canadian television's breakout star of 2020, and critic John Doyle listed Haq and co-star Laurence Leboeuf among the year's best performances in Canadian television.

NBC acquired the U.S. broadcast rights in May 2020 and premiered the series on September 1, 2020, using it to fill the timeslot normally held by its own medical drama New Amsterdam, whose next season had been postponed due to the pandemic.